AUCET-Biochemistry-2009- DOWNLOAD

AUCET means Andhra University Common entrance test for Master of Science Admissions (M.Sc.-Biochemistry). The given Previous papers  are very useful to get good rank in AUCET examinations. just Download the AUCET BIOCHEMISTRY Previous paper of 2009 along with AUCET Broacher. 

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Andhra University Common Entrance Test -2009 free broucher

AUCET 2007 Biochemistry Previous paers DOWNLOAD

AUCET means Andhra University Common entrance test for Master of Science Admissions (M.Sc.-Biochemistry). The given Previous papers are very useful to get good rank in AUCET examinations. just Download the AUCET BIOCHEMISTRY Previous paper of 2007.

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DOWNLOAD AUCET Biochemistry 2008 previous papers

AUCET means Andhra University Common entrance test for Master of Science Admissions (M.Sc.-Biochemistry). The given Previous papers are very useful to get good rank in AUCET examinations. just Download the AUCET BIOCHEMISTRY Previous paper of 2008

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A Biochemist Explains The Chemistry Of Cooking

A biochemist and cook explains that cooking is all about chemistry and knowing some facts can help chefs understand why recipes go wrong. Because cooking is essentially a series of chemical reactions, it is helpful to know some basics. For example, plunging asparagus into boiling water causes the cells to pop and result in a brighter green. Longer cooking, however, causes the plant's cell walls to shrink and releases an acid. This turns the asparagus an unappetizing shade of grey.

You love to cook, but have you whipped up some disasters? Even the best recipes can sometimes go terribly wrong. A nationally recognized scientist and chef says knowing a little chemistry could help.

Long before she was a cook, Shirley Corriher was a biochemist. She says science is the key to understanding what goes right and wrong in the kitchen.

"Cooking is chemistry," said Corriher. "It's essentially chemical reactions."

This kind of chemistry happens when you put chopped red cabbage into a hot pan. Heat breaks down the red anthocyanine pigment, changing it from an acid to alkaline and causing the color change. Add some vinegar to increase the acidity, and the cabbage is red again. Baking soda will change it back to blue.

Cooking vegetables like asparagus causes a different kind of reaction when tiny air cells on the surface hit boiling water.

"If we plunge them into boiling water, we pop these cells, and they suddenly become much brighter green," Corriher said.

Longer cooking is not so good. It causes the plant's cell walls to shrink and release acid.

"So as it starts gushing out of the cells, and with acid in the water, it turns cooked green vegetables into [a] yucky army drab," Corriher said.

And that pretty fruit bowl on your counter? "Literally, overnight you can go from [a] nice green banana to an overripe banana," Corriher said.

The culprit here is ethylene gas. Given off by apples and even the bananas themselves, it can ruin your perfect fruit bowl -- but put an apple in a paper bag with an unripe avocado, and ethylene gas will work for you overnight.

"We use this as a quick way to ripen," Corriher said. Corriher says understanding a little chemistry can help any cook.

"You may still mess up, but you know why," she said. When it works, this kind of chemistry can be downright delicious.

WHAT ARE ACIDS AND BASES? An acid is defined as a solution with more positive hydrogen ions than negative hydroxyl ions, which are made of one atom of oxygen and one of hydrogen. Acidity and basicity are measured on a scale called the pH scale. The value of freshly distilled water is seven, which indicates a neutral solution. A value of less than seven indicates an acid, and a value of more than seven indicates a base. Common acids include lemon juice and coffee, while common bases include ammonia and bleach.

WHY DOES FOOD SPOIL? Processing and improper storage practices can expose food items to heat or oxygen, which causes deterioration. In ancient times, salt was used to cure meats and fish to preserve them longer, while sugar was added to fruits to prevent spoilage. Certain herbs, spices and vinegar can also be used as preservatives, along with anti-oxidants, most notably Vitamins C and E. In processed foods, certain FDA-approved chemical additives also help extend shelf life.

What is the Syllabus of CSIR-UGC NET?

What is the Syllabus of CSIR-UGC NET? Where do I find Online papers and other study materials (like recommended books and coaching institutes) for CSIR-UGC NET exam?

These are the questions which come to your mind as soon as you decide upon appearing in the CSIR-UGC NET. This particular blog post is dedicated to answering your these questions.

Let’s focus now the topic of this post: Syllabus/Online papers/study materials for CSIR NET.

Syllabus of Paper-I (Part-A) of CSIR-UGC NET: (Common to all subjects)

1. General information on Science and its interface with society to test the candidate’s awareness of science, aptitude of scientific and quantitative reasoning. Questions would be so designed to judge the creativity, analytical ability and research aptitude of a candidate.

The questions would be setup in each of the subject areas of NET, viz., Chemical Sciences; Earth, Atmospheric, Ocean & Planetary Sciences; Life Sciences; Mathematical Sciences and Physical Sciences.

2. Common Elementary Computer science:

(Applicable to all candidates offering any subject area; A few questions dealing with basic computer awareness and uses.)

(i) Programming instructions

(ii) Simple algorithms and Computational methods.

Download the sample model Paper of Paper-I (Part-A) of CSIR-UGC NET

Andhra University Common Entrance Test

I. GENERAL:

1. Directorate of admissions, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam invites applications for admission through Andhra University Common Entrance Test (AUCET)-2009 into various courses offered in Campus Colleges of Science & Technology, Arts, Commerce & Management Studies and Engineering, A.U., Visakhapatnam; A.U. Campus, Kakinada (A.U. M.S. Naicker P.G. Centre); A.U. Campus, Vizianagaram, A.U. Campus, Tadepalligudem and Colleges affiliated to A.U. offering P.G. Courses for the academic year 2009-2010.

2. Candidates seeking admission into various courses of study for which tests are conducted (See Appendix – I) should appear for AUCET-2009.

3. Candidates who have already passed their qualifying examination or who have appeared / are appearing for the annual examination in 2009 only are eligible for AUCET-2009. Supplementary candidates of 2009 are not eligible.

4. Eligibility criteria and the syllabi for different courses and the syllabi for the different Tests to be conducted are given in Appendices-I & II.

* Candidates from other recognised universities are considered for admission into PG Arts and Science courses only if they possess a three year Bachelor Degree of 10+2+3 or 12+3 or 11+1+3 pattern, with the prescribed minimum percentage of marks, unless otherwise specified.

* Eligibility criteria for admission into various PG Arts and Science courses is with reference to the Common Core Scheme offered by Andhra University. Where group subjects (part-II) of degrees of other Universities do not have subjects of equal weightage, the subject enjoying the highest weightage shall be considered as the main, for the purpose of deciding the eligibility. Batchelor degrees of B.A./B.Sc./B.Com./B.A.Litt. and B.L. from Universities other than A.U. should be recognised by Andhra University as equivalent thereto.

5. The requirement for admission into all Science and Engineering Courses offered by Andhra University is a minimum aggregate of 50% marks in Group Subjects (Part II) of the qualifying examination unless or otherwise specified. For SC and ST candidates, a minimum aggregate of 45% marks in group subjects (Part II) is sufficient.

6. The requirement for Arts and Commerce courses is generally a pass in the appropriate qualifying examination, except in the case of admission into M.A./M.Sc. Quantitative Economics; M.Sc. Anthropology and 5 year Integrated MS Economics courses, for which, the requirement is a minimum aggregate of 50% marks in group subjects (Part-II) in the qualifying examination (B.Sc.) and for SC& ST candidates, a minimum aggregate of 45% marks in the group subjects (Part-II) is required.

7. ALLOWING A CANDIDATE FOR AUCET-2009 DOES NOT GUARANTEE A RIGHT OF ADMISSION INTO THE COURSE OF STUDY. A candidate must satisfy the admission criteria given in Appendix-I. Candidates allowed to take the entrance test and subsequently getting seats by furnishing false information are liable for prosecution and cancellation of seats without notice. The decision of the admitting authority is final.

8. Candidates are advised to go through the information brochure carefully and claim admission under appropriate categories of reservation by filling in the relevant boxes with appropriate code numbers in both Computer Data Sheet and Application form. Requests for inclusion or change of test, test centre and / or reservation category(ies) once claimed will not be entertained under any circumstances. The applications will be processed as per the claims of the candidates only and the admissions will be subject to the validity of their claims.

9. Candidates who have already completed one P.G. course or one Professional Degree course at Andhra University or elsewhere and who are now seeking admission into second P.G. or professional course respectively will not be provided hostel accommodation and will not be considered for any type of scholarship whatsoever, as per G.O.s. in force.

10. Candidates who have already studied / are studying a P.G. course are not eligible to write the test leading to admission into the same course. Such candidates are liable for disciplinary action.

11. The university reserves the right to fill or not to fill the seats earmarked for a particular course on administrative reasons. All admissions are purely provisional and the University reserves the right to cancel the admission at any stage. Further it also reserves the right to run or not to run a particular course depending on the number of candidates joined in it. A minimum of 10 candidates should join in any course to run it.

12. Information regarding P.G. courses offered by university and affiliated colleges is given in Appendix-III.

DOWNLOAD the free broucher of AUCET 2009

WHAT IS NEW IN GATE 2010 ?

1. New Paper introduced in GATE 2010: Biotechnology (BT) has been introduced as an independent paper from GATE 2010.
2. Common Component of General Aptitude (GA) introduced in GATE 2010: Each GATE paper shall have a common General Aptitude (GA) component carrying 15 marks from GATE 2010.
3. Papers to be discontinued from GATE 2010 onwards:
   • Due to introduction of an independent paper in Biotechnology (BT), the Biotechnology section in Life Sciences (XL) paper has been discontinued from GATE 2010.
   • There will not be GATE 2010 examination in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PY) paper. For more information about the organization which will be conducting a GATE like examination for PY, the candidates are advised to visit GATE 2010 website from time to time.
4. ONLINE Examination for TF and MN paper:
   • Computer based ONLINE examination for the paper with code TF will be held in Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Mumbai and Roorkee on February 07, 2010 (Sunday) from 09.30 hrs to 12.30 hrs
   • Computer based ONLINE examination for the paper with code MN will be held in Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Mumbai and Roorkee on February 07, 2010 (Sunday) from 14.30 hrs to 17.30 hrs
5. Online Application form with online payment option: Online payment is possible through HDFC bank payment gateway using Mastercard or Visa credit cards, and debit cards of certain banks as listed on the web site. Offline payment is also possible through a demand draft.
6. New Examination Cities included:
   • IIT Bombay Zone: Loni, Pandharpur.
   • IIT Delhi Zone: Dausa, Mahesana.
   • IIT Guwahati Zone: Tezpur.
   • IIT Madras Zone: Chittor, Gudur, Karimnagar, Khammam, Kothagudem, Nalgonda
   • IIT Roorkee Zone: Muzaffarnagar
7. New Bank Branches included for selling Information Brochure and GATE 2010 Application Forms:
   • IISc Bangalore Zone: Bangalore (Jayanagar)
   • IIT Bombay Zone: Loni (Near Swami Samarth Mandir), Pandharpur (Sawarkar Road), Shegaon
   • IIT Delhi Zone: Ahmedabad (Maninagar), Chandigarh (Sector 34A), Jaipur (Malviya Nagar), New Delhi (R. K. Puram; Mayur Vihar-I), Surat (Ghod Dod Raod)
   • IIT Guwahati Zone: Bongaigaon (Main), Tezpur(Main)
   • IIT Kharagpur Zone: Visakhapatnam (Dabagarden)
   • IIT Madras Zone: Gudur, Karimnagar, Khammam, Kothagudem, Nalgonda
   • IIT Roorkee Zone: Agra (Gandhi Ashram)

ABOUT GATE 2010

GATE 2010 will include both ONLINE and OFFLINE examinations as per the following details:

GATE Examination	Examination mode	Examination cities	Examination Date (day)	Examination Time
GATE Examination of TF paper	ONLINE examination	Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Mumbai, Roorkee	February 07, 2010 (Sunday)	09.30 hrs - 12.30 hrs
GATE Examination of MN paper	ONLINE examination	Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Mumbai, Roorkee	February 07, 2010 (Sunday)	14.30 hrs - 17.30 hrs
GATE Examination in all other papers	OFFLINE	In all cities listed in Examination Cities	February 14, 2010 (Sunday)	09.30 hrs - 12.30 hrs

TF : Textile Engineering and Fibre Science

MN : Mining Engineering

ONLINE Examination : Examination using computers where the candidate will select the correct answer out of four options with the help of keyboard and mouse

OFFLINE Examination : Examination in the usual manner as in the previous years where the candidate will mark the correct answer out of four options in an Optical Response Sheet (ORS) by darkening the appropriate bubble.

The list of papers for GATE 2010 is given under Structure of GATE. The question papers will be inEnglish only.

Before applying for GATE 2010, candidates must assure themselves that they have chosen the right paper, which qualifies them to become eligible to seek admission to the specific programme they are interested in. The criteria for postgraduate admission with Scholarship/ Assistantship are different in various Institutes/ Universities. GATE Offices will not provide any information in this regard. For more details, the candidates are required to contact the Institutes/ Universities to which they are interested in seeking admission.

The choice of the paper is the responsibility of the candidate. Information about the pattern of the question papers is given under Question Paper Pattern.

GATE syllabus - ZOOLOGY - XL : SECTION - L

Animal world:Animal diversity, distribution, systematics and classification of animals, phylogenetic relationships.

Evolution: Origin and history of life on earth, theories of evolution, natural selection, adaptation, speciation.

Genetics: Principles of inheritance, molecular basis of heredity, mutations, cytoplasmic inheritance, linkage and mapping of genes.

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: Nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates; replication, transcription and translation; regulation of gene expression, organization of genome, Kreb's cycle, glycolysis, enzyme catalysis, hormones and their actions, vitamins.

Cell Biology: Structure of cell, cellular organelles and their structure and function, cell cycle, cell division, chromosomes and chromatin structure. Eukaryotic gene organization and expression (Basic principles of signal transduction).

Animal Anatomy and Physiology: Comparative physiology, the respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system, the nervous system, the excretory system, the endocrine system, the reproductive system, the skeletal system, osmoregulation.

Parasitology and Immunology: Nature of parasite, host-parasite relation, protozoan and helminthic parasites, the immune response, cellular and humoral immune response, evolution of the immune system.

Development Biology: Embryonic development, cellular differentiation, organogenesis, metamorphosis, genetic basis of development, stem cells.

Ecology: The ecosystem, habitats, the food chain, population dynamics, species diversity, zoogerography, biogeochemical cycles, conservation biology.

Animal Behaviour: Types of behaviours, courtship, mating and territoriality, instinct, learning and memory, social behaviour across the animal taxa, communication, pheromones, evolution of animal behaviour.

GATE syllabus - MICROBIOLOGY - XL : SECTION - K

Historical Perspective: Discovery of microbial world; Landmark discoveries relevant to the field of microbiology; Controversy over spontaneous generation; Role of microorganisms in transformation of organic matter and in the causation of diseases.

Methods in Microbiology: Pure culture techniques; Theory and practice of sterilization; Principles of microbial nutrition; Enrichment culture techniques for isolation of microorganisms; Light-, phase contrast- and electron-microscopy.

Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity: Bacteria, Archea and their broad classification; Eukaryotic microbes: Yeasts, molds and protozoa; Viruses and their classification; Molecular approaches to microbial taxonomy.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Structure and Function: Prokaryotic Cells: cell walls, cell membranes, mechanisms of solute transport across membranes, Flagella and Pili, Capsules, Cell inclusions like endospores and gas vesicles; Eukaryotic cell organelles: Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Microbial Growth: Definition of growth; Growth curve; Mathematical expression of exponential growth phase; Measurement of growth and growth yields; Synchronous growth; Continuous culture; Effect of environmental factors on growth.

Control of Micro-organisms: Effect of physical and chemical agents; Evaluation of effectiveness of antimicrobial agents.

Microbial Metabolism: Energetics: redox reactions and electron carriers; An overview of metabolism; Glycolysis; Pentose-phosphate pathway; Entner-Doudoroff pathway; Glyoxalate pathway; The citric acid cycle; Fermentation; Aerobic and anaerobic respiration; Chemolithotrophy; Photosynthesis; Calvin cycle; Biosynthetic pathway for fatty acids synthesis; Common regulatory mechanisms in synthesis of amino acids; Regulation of major metabolic pathways.

Microbial Diseases and Host Pathogen Interaction: Normal microbiota; Classification of infectious diseases; Reservoirs of infection; Nosocomial infection; Emerging infectious diseases; Mechanism of microbial pathogenicity; Nonspecific defense of host; Antigens and antibodies; Humoral and cell mediated immunity; Vaccines; Immune deficiency; Human diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and pathogenic fungi.

Chemotherapy/Antibiotics: General characteristics of antimicrobial drugs; Antibiotics: Classification, mode of action and resistance; Antifungal and antiviral drugs.

Microbial Genetics: Types of mutation; UV and chemical mutagens; Selection of mutants; Ames test for mutagenesis; Bacterial genetic system: transformation, conjugation, transduction, recombination, plasmids, transposons; DNA repair; Regulation of gene expression: repression and induction; Operon model; Bacterial genome with special reference to E.coli; Phage λ and its life cycle; RNA phages; RNA viruses; Retroviruses; Basic concept of microbial genomics.

Microbial Ecology: Microbial interactions; Carbon, sulphur and nitrogen cycles; Soil microorganisms associated with vascular plants.

GATE syllabus - BOTANY - XL : SECTION - J

Plant Systematics: Systems of classification (non-phylogenetic vs. phylogenetic - outline), plant groups, molecular systematics.

Plant Anatomy: Plant cell structure, organization, organelles, cytoskeleton, cell wall and membranes; anatomy of root, stem and leaves, meristems, vascular system, their ontogeny, structure and functions, secondary growth in plants and stellar organization.

Morphogenesis & Development: Cell cycle, cell division, life cycle of an angiosperm, pollination, fertilization, embryogenesis, seed formation, seed storage proteins, seed dormancy and germination.

Concept of cellular totipotency, clonal propagation; organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, artificial seed, somaclonal variation, secondary metabolism in plant cell culture, embryo culture, in vitro fertilization.

Physiology and Biochemistry: Plant water relations, transport of minerals and solutes, stress physiology, stomatal physiology, signal transduction, N₂ metabolism, photosynthesis, photorespiration; respiration, Flowering: photoperiodism and vernalization, biochemical mechanisms involved in flowering; molecular mechanism of senencensce and aging, biosynthesis, mechanism of action and physiological effects of plant growth regulators, structure and function of biomolecules, (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid), enzyme kinetics.

Genetics: Principles of Mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination, genetic mapping; extrachromosomal inheritance; prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome organization, regulation of gene expression, gene mutation and repair, chromosomal aberrations (numerical and structural), transposons.

Plant Breeding and Genetic Modification: Principles, methods - selection, hybridization, heterosis; male sterility, genetic maps and molecular markers, sporophytic and gametophytic self incompability, haploidy, triploidy, somatic cell hybridization, marker-assisted selection, gene transfer methods viz. direct and vector-mediated, plastid transformation, transgenic plants and their application in agriculture, molecular pharming, plantibodies.

Economic Botany: A general account of economically and medicinally important plants- cereals, pulses, plants yielding fibers, timber, sugar, beverages, oils, rubber, pigments, dyes, gums, drugs and narcotics. Economic importance of algae, fungi, lichen and bacteria.

Plant Pathology: Nature and classification of plant diseases, diseases of important crops caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses, and their control measures, mechanism(s) of pathogenesis and resistance, molecular detection of pathogens; plant-microbe beneficial interactions.

Ecology and Environment: Ecosystems - types, dynamics, degradation, ecological succession; food chains and energy flow; vegetation types of the world, pollution and global warming, speciation and extinction, conservation strategies, cryopreservation, phytoremediation.

GATE syllabus - BIOCHEMISTRY - XL : SECTION - I

Organization of life. Importance of water. Cell structure and organelles. Structure and function of biomolecules: Amino acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic acids. Biochemical separation techniques and characterization: ion exchange, size exclusion and affinity chromatography, electrophoresis, UV-visible, fluorescence and Mass spectrometry. Protein structure, folding and function: Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, Lysozyme, Ribonuclease A, Carboxypeptidase and Chymotrypsin. Enzyme kinetics including its regulation and inhibition, Vitamins and Coenzymes.

Metabolism and bioenergetics. Generation and utilization of ATP. Metabolic pathways and their regulation: glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis, glycogen and fatty acid metabolism. Metabolism of Nitrogen containing compounds: nitrogen fixation, amino acids and nucleotides. Photosynthesis: the Calvin cycle.

Biological membranes. Transport across membranes. Signal transduction; hormones and neurotransmitters.

DNA replication, transcription and translation. Biochemical regulation of gene expression. Recombinant DNA technology and applications: PCR, site directed mutagenesis and DNA-microarray.

Immune system. Active and passive immunity. Complement system. Antibody structure, function and diversity. Cells of the immune system: T, B and macrophages. T and B cell activation. Major histocompatibilty complex. T cell receptor. Immunological techniques: Immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, RIA and ELISA.

GATE syllabus - CHEMISTRY - XL : SECTION - H

Atomic structure and periodicity: Planck's quantum theory, wave particle duality, uncertainty principle, quantum mechanical model of hydrogen atom; electronic configuration of atoms; periodic table and periodic properties; ionization energy, election affinity, electronegativity, atomic size.

Structure and bonding: Ionic and covalent bonding, M.O. and V.B. approaches for diatomic molecules, VSEPR theory and shape of molecules, hybridisation, resonance, dipole moment, structure parameters such as bond length, bond angle and bond energy, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interactions. Ionic solids, ionic radii, lattice energy (Born-Haber Cycle).

s.p. and d Block Elements: Oxides, halides and hydrides of alkali and alkaline earth metals, B, Al, Si, N, P, and S, general characteristics of 3d elements, coordination complexes: valence bond and crystal field theory, color, geometry and magnetic properties.

Chemical Equilibria: Colligative properties of solutions, ionic equilibria in solution, solubility product, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts, pH, buffer and their applications in chemical analysis, equilibrium constants (K_c, K_p and K_x) for homogeneous reactions,

Electrochemistry: Conductance, Kohlrausch law, Half Cell potentials, emf, Nernst equation, galvanic cells, thermodynamic aspects and their applications.

Reaction Kinetics: Rate constant, order of reaction, molecularity, activation energy, zero, first and second order kinetics, catalysis and elementary enzyme reactions.

Thermodynamics: First law, reversible and irreversible processes, internal energy, enthalpy, Kirchoff's equation, heat of reaction, Hess law, heat of formation, Second law, entropy, free energy, and work function. Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, free energy change and equilibrium constant, Troutons rule, Third law of thermodynamics.

Basis of Organic Reactions Mechanism: Elementary treatment of SN1, SN2, E1 and E2 reactions, Hoffmann and Saytzeff rules, Addition reactions, Markonikoff rule and Kharash effect, Diels-Alder reaction, aromatic electrophilic substitution, orientation effect as exemplified by various functional groups. Identification of functional groups by chemical tests

Structure-Reactivity Correlations: Acids and bases, electronic and steric effects, optical and geometrical isomerism, tautomerism, conformers, concept of aromaticity.

GATE-XL Life Science Details

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GATE XL-Life Sciences Previous Papers 2009

GATE Previous Papers - 2009
XL-Life Sciences

Chemistry (Compulsory) -- 2009
Biochemistry -------------- 2009
Biotechnology ------------- 2009
Botany -------------------- 2009
Microbiology -------------- 2009
Zoology ------------------- 2009

The Largest Subunit of Human RNA Polymerase III Is Closely Related to the Largest Subunit of Yeast and Trypanosome RNA Polymerase-III

In both yeast and mammalian systems, considerable progress has been made toward the characterization of the transcription factors required for transcription by RNA polymerase III. However, whereas in yeast all of the RNA polymerase III subunits have been cloned, relatively little is known about the enzyme itself in higher eukaryotes.

For example, no higher eukaryotic sequence corresponding to the largest RNA polymerase III subunit is available. Here we describe the isolation of cDNAs that encode the largest subunit of human RNApolymerase III, as suggested by the observations that

(1) antibodies directed against the cloned protein immunoprecipitate an active enzyme whose sensitivity to different concentrations of α-amanitin is that expected for human RNA polymerase III; and

(2) depletion of transcription extracts with the same antibodies results in inhibition of transcription from an RNA polymerase III, but not from an RNA polymerase II, promoter.

Sequence comparisons reveal that regions conserved in the RNA polymerase I, II, and III largest subunits characterized so far are also conserved in the human RNA polymerase III sequence, and thus probably perform similar functions for the human RNA polymerase III enzyme.

Source - http://genome.cshlp.org/content/7/10/1006.abstract?sid=4be18750-d5af-4896-b05e-eeb49c944425

Popular Science - December 2009

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